{"id":138030,"date":"2025-02-10T12:31:51","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T12:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/?p=138030"},"modified":"2025-03-18T11:07:53","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T11:07:53","slug":"french-articles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/en\/blog\/french-articles","title":{"rendered":"French Articles \u2013 Key Information and Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-10 col-lg-9 col-xl-8 mx-auto\"><div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p><strong>Unlike the Polish language, where nouns stand alone, in French they are preceded by an article. The article not only indicates the grammatical gender but also informs whether the object is known to the speakers. This is a fundamental element of French grammar that cannot be overlooked during learning.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types and Functions of Articles in French<\/h2>\n\n<p>Unlike proper names such as Pierre, Monique, Monsieur Chirac, common nouns are not used alone in sentences but are preceded by an article.<\/p>\n\n<p>Articles do not exist in Polish, so their usage can be particularly difficult. In Polish, nouns are either masculine, e.g., ch\u0142opiec (boy), feminine, e.g., dziewczyna (girl), or neuter, e.g., dziecko (child). In French, there are only two genders: masculine and feminine. The neuter gender does not exist.<\/p>\n\n<p>Polish and French words that refer to the same thing often have different grammatical genders, for example:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>dom<\/em> (masculine, house) \u2013 <em>une maison<\/em> (feminine)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>praca<\/em> (feminine, work) \u2013 <em>un travail<\/em> (masculine)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>This is why it&#8217;s essential to learn each new noun with its article. You cannot forget what gender a noun has.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Information Does the Article Convey?<\/h2>\n\n<p>The article preceding a noun provides the following information:<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It tells us whether the noun is masculine or feminine (only for singular).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It tells us whether the object being referred to is known to the speakers or is new. If the object is already known, we precede it with the definite article.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definite and Indefinite Articles<\/h2>\n\n<p>If the object is already known, we precede the noun with the definite article.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Definite article<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Masculine: <em>le<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feminine: <em>la<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plural: <em>les<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>If the object is new, meaning it appears for the first time in the text (conversation, article), we use the indefinite article.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Indefinite article<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Masculine: <em>un<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feminine: <em>une<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plural: <em>des<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Imagine Ania and Pierre talking outside a house when an unfamiliar cat runs by. &#8220;Oh, a cat!&#8221; they would say in Polish. In French, however, they would say:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Tiens, un chat!<\/em> \u2013 with the indefinite article.<br>If, however, the cat was known to the speaker \u2013 for example, the neighbor&#8217;s cat, Monsieur Chirac\u2019s cat \u2013 the speaker would exclaim:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Tiens, le chat de Monsieur Chirac!<\/em> \u2013 using the definite article.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>During a conversation, the object moves from being unknown to known as it is discussed further.<\/p>\n\n<p>Let\u2019s go back to the situation where Ania is talking to Pierre, and a cat runs by.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ania says: <em>Tiens, un chat!<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;Oh, a cat!&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pierre responds: <em>C&#8217;est le chat de mon voisin.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;It\u2019s my neighbor\u2019s cat.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Later, we\u2019ll see circumstances where the article should be omitted. For now, remember that the sentences we\u2019ve seen would be incorrect if we forgot about articles.<\/p>\n\n<p>Under no circumstances can you say, for example:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><s><em>C\u2019est chien,<\/em> <em>J\u2019ai minijupe<\/em><\/s><em>,<\/em> etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Partitive Article<\/h2>\n\n<p>In addition to definite and indefinite articles, French also has the partitive article:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Masculine: <em>du<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feminine: <em>de la<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Before a vowel: <em>de l\u2019<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plural: <em>des<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The partitive article is used to denote things that are difficult to measure, weigh, or quantify. These are usually food products or abstract nouns. Let\u2019s compare two sentences:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Sur la table il y a un pain.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;There is a loaf of bread on the table.&#8221; (i.e., the whole loaf of bread)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Sur la table il y a du pain.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;There is some bread on the table.&#8221; (We don\u2019t know exactly how much.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of the Partitive Article<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Je bois du vin.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;I drink wine.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Il mange du fromage.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;He eats cheese.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Il prend du pain avec du beurre et souvent avec de la confiture.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;He eats bread with butter and often with jam.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>In negative sentences, the partitive article becomes <em>de<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Je ne bois pas de vin.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;I don\u2019t drink wine.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Il ne mange pas de fromage.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;He doesn\u2019t eat cheese.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Il ne prend pas de pain avec du beurre et de la confiture.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;He doesn\u2019t eat bread with butter and jam.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>An exception is the verb <em>\u00eatre<\/em>. After it, we don\u2019t use <em>de<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>C\u2019est du sel ? Non, ce n\u2019est pas du sel, c\u2019est du sucre.<\/em> \u2013 &#8220;Is this salt? No, it\u2019s not salt, it\u2019s sugar.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prepositions and Articles<\/h2>\n\n<p>There are fixed combinations of prepositions and articles:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u00e0 + le = <\/em><strong><em>au<\/em> <\/strong>(je vais au travail \u2013 &#8220;I\u2019m going to work&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u00e0 + les = <\/em><strong><em>aux<\/em> <\/strong>(aux temps de Mao \u2013 &#8220;in Mao\u2019s time&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>de + le = <\/em><strong><em>du<\/em> <\/strong>(aux temps du vieux Mao \u2013 &#8220;in the old Mao\u2019s time&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>de + les = <\/em><strong><em>des<\/em> <\/strong>(les repas des Fran\u00e7ais \u2013 &#8220;the meals of the French&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The combinations <em>\u00e0 la<\/em> and <em>de la<\/em> do not have contracted forms.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n<p>Articles are a key element of the French language that determine the grammatical gender of the noun and its level of familiarity to the speakers. Correct usage requires considering context and following grammatical rules. Regular practice and conscious use of articles will help avoid errors and make French more accessible.<\/p>\n\n<p>The information in this article is based on the course for Polish speakers: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.supermemo.com\/en\/app\/my-learning\/catalog\/course\/80453\">Francuski A1. Pas de probl\u00e8me!<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Check out the courses for English speakers:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"acf-block-courses-block_28e2b331c605533d7bb6937f06685edd\" class=\"acf-block-courses bg-secondary c-mt-0 c-pt-8 c-pb-8\">\r\n    <div class=\"container\">\r\n\r\n        \r\n                    <div id=\"acf-block-courses-block_28e2b331c605533d7bb6937f06685edd\" class=\"\">\r\n\r\n                        \r\n                        \r\n                        \r\n                                <div class=\"row c-mt-4 justify-content-center\">\r\n\r\n                                    \r\n<div class=\"course-card col-12 col-sm-4 col-xl-3 d-flex \">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/en\/courses\/hello-french\" class=\"course-card__content-wrapper bg-white w-100\">\r\n        <div class=\"d-flex flex-sm-column position-relative w-100\">\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__image overflow-hidden position-relative c-mb-xl-4 col-sm-12 aspect-ratio-1 d-flex\"> \r\n\r\n                \r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-934.jpg\" class=\"d-block w-100 object-fit-cover lazyload\"\/>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                    <span class=\"single-course-level-signs single-course-level-signs--only-A1 d-inline-block text-white lh-1 text-center position-absolute\">\r\n                        A1\r\n                        \r\n                    <\/span>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__under-box position-relative d-flex flex-sm-column justify-content-between col-sm-12 w-100 w-sm-auto\">\r\n                <div class=\"col-10 col-sm-12\">\r\n\r\n                    <h2 class=\"course-card__title fz-12 text-body\">Hello! 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The article not only indicates the grammatical gender but also informs whether the object is known to the speakers. This is a fundamental element of French grammar that cannot be overlooked during learning.","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":137475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,97],"tags":[2547,1859,2548,2463,2296,916],"class_list":["post-138030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foreign-languages","category-tips","tag-articles-2","tag-french","tag-french-a1","tag-french-online","tag-grammar","tag-language-tips"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>French Articles \u2013 Key Information and Examples - SuperMemo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Articles in the French language are one of the most important elements of grammar that you need to learn while studying this language.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/en\/blog\/french-articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"French Articles \u2013 Key Information and Examples - 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