{"id":168382,"date":"2026-11-04T07:53:52","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T07:53:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/?p=168382"},"modified":"2026-11-06T13:24:58","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T13:24:58","slug":"naucit-se-rumunsky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/cs\/blog\/naucit-se-rumunsky","title":{"rendered":"Nau\u010dit se rumunsky: je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 a jak dlouho to trv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-10 col-lg-9 col-xl-8 mx-auto\"><div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nau\u010dit se rumunsky je pro \u010cecha snaz\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e napov\u00edd\u00e1 pravopis pln\u00fd st\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek a \u010d\u00e1rek pod p\u00edsmeny. Rumun\u0161tina je rom\u00e1nsk\u00fd jazyk bl\u00edzk\u00fd ital\u0161tin\u011b a \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b, ale najdete v n\u00ed spoustu slov slovansk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a p\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 z \u010de\u0161tiny dob\u0159e zn\u00e1te. Na jednoduchou ka\u017edodenn\u00ed konverzaci sta\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pravideln\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, plynulost je obvykle ot\u00e1zkou jednoho a p\u016fl a\u017e dvou let.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ed\u017ee najdete konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla, srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010de\u0161tinou a dal\u0161\u00edmi jazyky a p\u0159ehled m\u00edst, kde za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci nej\u010dast\u011bji zakopnou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kolik lid\u00ed mluv\u00ed rumunsky?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rumun\u0161tina je mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem asi 24 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Kdy\u017e p\u0159ipo\u010dteme ty, kdo ji ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed jako druh\u00fd jazyk, dostaneme se zhruba k 28 milion\u016fm mluv\u010d\u00edch. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich \u017eije v Rumunsku (asi 19 milion\u016f obyvatel) a v Moldavsku, kde je rumun\u0161tina \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Velk\u00e9 rumunsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed komunity najdete i jinde: v It\u00e1lii, \u0160pan\u011blsku, N\u011bmecku a Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, na Ukrajin\u011b (hlavn\u011b na Bukovin\u011b) a v Srbsku. Rumun\u0161tina pat\u0159\u00ed mezi 24 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch jazyk\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro \u010cechy m\u00e1 Rumunsko je\u0161t\u011b jednu zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost. V rumunsk\u00e9m Ban\u00e1tu dodnes \u017eije \u010desk\u00e1 men\u0161ina, potomci kolonist\u016f z 19. stolet\u00ed, a vesnice jako Svat\u00e1 Helena nebo Gernik ka\u017ed\u00e9 l\u00e9to nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed turist\u00e9. Mimo \u010desk\u00e9 vesnice se ale bez rumun\u0161tiny neobejdete.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do jak\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny rumun\u0161tina pat\u0159\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rumun\u0161tina je indoevropsk\u00fd jazyk ze skupiny rom\u00e1nsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, v n\u00ed\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed samostatnou v\u00fdchodorom\u00e1nskou v\u011btev. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed z lidov\u00e9 latiny, kterou se mluvilo v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 provincii D\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po stalet\u00ed se vyv\u00edjela odd\u011blen\u011b od zbytku rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, obklopen\u00e1 slovansk\u00fdmi jazyky, ma\u010far\u0161tinou, \u0159e\u010dtinou a ture\u010dtinou. V\u0161echny zanechaly stopu ve slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sob\u011b, gramatick\u00e1 kostra ale z\u016fstala latinsk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Je rumun\u0161tina podobn\u00e1 \u010de\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gramatikou a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobou m\u00e1 nejbl\u00ed\u017e k ital\u0161tin\u011b. Kdo um\u00ed italsky, pochop\u00ed smysl mnoha jednoduch\u00fdch rumunsk\u00fdch v\u011bt bez slovn\u00edku. Podobnosti najdete i se \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinou, portugal\u0161tinou a francouz\u0161tinou, tam u\u017e se ale jazyky v\u00edc rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed ve v\u00fdslovnosti a pravopisu.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Rumunsky<\/th><th>Italsky<\/th><th>\u0160pan\u011blsky<\/th><th>\u010cesky<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ap\u0103<\/td><td>acqua<\/td><td>agua<\/td><td>voda<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cas\u0103<\/td><td>casa<\/td><td>casa<\/td><td>d\u016fm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>a m\u00e2nca<\/td><td>mangiare<\/td><td>comer<\/td><td>j\u00edst<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>frumos<\/td><td>bello<\/td><td>hermoso<\/td><td>kr\u00e1sn\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>prieten<\/td><td>amico<\/td><td>amigo<\/td><td>p\u0159\u00edtel<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posledn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek je pro \u010cechy zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. Slovo \u201eprieten\u201c je slovansk\u00e9 a rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed jedin\u00e9. Podle odhad\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed slova slovansk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu zhruba desetinu a\u017e p\u011btinu rumunsk\u00e9 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby. N\u011bkter\u00e1 pozn\u00e1te na prvn\u00ed pohled:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Rumunsky<\/th><th>V\u00fdznam<\/th><th>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 slovo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>a citi<\/td><td>\u010d\u00edst<\/td><td>\u010d\u00edst<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>a pl\u0103ti<\/td><td>platit<\/td><td>platit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n\u0103dejde<\/td><td>nad\u011bje<\/td><td>nad\u011bje<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>drag<\/td><td>mil\u00fd, drah\u00fd (citov\u011b)<\/td><td>drah\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sticl\u0103<\/td><td>sklo, l\u00e1hev<\/td><td>sklo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t\u00e2rg<\/td><td>trh, jarmark<\/td><td>trh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>a iubi<\/td><td>milovat<\/td><td>l\u00edbit se<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro mluv\u010d\u00edho \u010de\u0161tiny je to mal\u00fd, ale p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd bonus. Rumun\u0161tin\u011b bez u\u010den\u00ed rozum\u011bt nebudete, ale p\u00e1r slov si zapamatujete hned.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00e1 rumun\u0161tina n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed a varianty?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ano. Lingvist\u00e9 rozli\u0161uj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed varianty:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>d\u00e1korumun\u0161tinu<\/strong>, tedy spisovnou rumun\u0161tinu, kterou se mluv\u00ed v Rumunsku a Moldavsku a kterou se u\u010d\u00edte v kurzech,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>arumun\u0161tinu<\/strong>, kterou pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed komunity v \u0158ecku, Alb\u00e1nii a Severn\u00ed Makedonii,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>meglenorumun\u0161tinu<\/strong>, dnes ohro\u017eenou, s n\u011bkolika tis\u00edci mluv\u010d\u00edch,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>istrorumun\u0161tinu<\/strong>, kterou mluv\u00ed u\u017e jen mal\u00e1 skupina lid\u00ed na poloostrov\u011b Istrie v Chorvatsku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010c\u00e1st odborn\u00edk\u016f pova\u017euje posledn\u00ed t\u0159i za samostatn\u00e9 jazyky. Kdo se rumunsky u\u010d\u00ed, setk\u00e1 se v praxi jen se spisovnou variantou.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A co \u201emoldav\u0161tina\u201c? Jde o tent\u00fd\u017e jazyk, li\u0161\u00ed se hlavn\u011b p\u0159\u00edzvukem a \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby. V roce 2023 moldavsk\u00fd parlament v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nahradil n\u00e1zev \u201emoldavsk\u00fd jazyk\u201c n\u00e1zvem \u201erumunsk\u00fd jazyk\u201c. S rumun\u0161tinou se tedy domluv\u00edte v Bukure\u0161ti i v Ki\u0161in\u011bv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Je rumun\u0161tina t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi evropsk\u00fdmi jazyky sp\u00ed\u0161 ne. Americk\u00fd Foreign Service Institute (FSI), kter\u00fd p\u0159ipravuje diplomaty, \u0159ad\u00ed rumun\u0161tinu pro rodil\u00e9 mluv\u010d\u00ed angli\u010dtiny do prvn\u00ed, nejsnaz\u0161\u00ed kategorie, spolu se \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinou, ital\u0161tinou a francouz\u0161tinou. \u010cech na tom nen\u00ed h\u016f\u0159: rom\u00e1nskou slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu se mus\u00ed nau\u010dit od za\u010d\u00e1tku, zato p\u00e1dy, slovansk\u00e1 slova a fonetick\u00fd pravopis pro n\u011bj nejsou nic nov\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prvn\u00ed v\u011bty jdou rychle, proto\u017ee se rumun\u0161tina z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dte tak, jak se p\u00ed\u0161e. Pot\u00ed\u017ee za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed a\u017e u \u010dlenu, p\u00e1dov\u00fdch koncovek a spojovac\u00edho zp\u016fsobu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak dlouho trv\u00e1 nau\u010dit se rumunsky?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle FSI pot\u0159ebuje anglicky mluv\u00edc\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fd asi 24 t\u00fddn\u016f intenzivn\u00edho studia, tedy kolem 600 hodin v\u00fduky, aby dos\u00e1hl profesn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b. Jde o prezen\u010dn\u00ed kurz dopln\u011bn\u00fd samostudiem, tak\u017ee vedle pr\u00e1ce a dal\u0161\u00edch povinnost\u00ed se to rozlo\u017e\u00ed do del\u0161\u00ed doby.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro \u010cecha, kter\u00fd \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rom\u00e1nsk\u00fd jazyk neovl\u00e1d\u00e1, jsou \u010d\u00edsla podobn\u00e1: latinskou slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu se mus\u00ed u\u010dit stejn\u011b jako Angli\u010dan, gramatika s p\u00e1dy mu naopak jde sn\u00e1z. Orienta\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed 30 a\u017e 45 minut denn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>C\u00edl<\/th><th>\u00darove\u0148<\/th><th>Odhadovan\u00fd po\u010det hodin<\/th><th>V praxi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Domluvit se na cest\u00e1ch<\/td><td>A1<\/td><td>60\u2013100 hodin<\/td><td>2\u20133 m\u011bs\u00edce<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jednoduch\u00e1 konverzace o b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch t\u00e9matech<\/td><td>A2<\/td><td>150\u2013250 hodin<\/td><td>5\u20138 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voln\u00e1 konverzace, filmy s titulky<\/td><td>B1\u2013B2<\/td><td>400\u2013600 hodin<\/td><td>1\u20131,5 roku<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plynulost<\/td><td>C1<\/td><td>700\u2013900 hodin<\/td><td>2 roky a v\u00edce<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato \u010d\u00edsla jsou odhady, ne z\u00e1ruka. Hodn\u011b pom\u016f\u017ee znalost jin\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho jazyka: pokud mluv\u00edte italsky nebo \u0161pan\u011blsky, m\u016f\u017eete ubrat klidn\u011b t\u0159etinu \u010dasu. Zpomaluje naopak u\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1razov\u011b. Dv\u011b hodiny v sobotu p\u0159inesou m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 minut ka\u017ed\u00fd den, proto\u017ee sobotn\u00ed slov\u00ed\u010dka m\u00e1te ve \u010dtvrtek u\u017e z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zapomenut\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co d\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed rumun\u0161tiny nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee?<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010clen p\u0159ilepen\u00fd na konec slova<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010ce\u0161tina \u010dleny nem\u00e1, tak\u017ee tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1te od nuly. Nav\u00edc rumunsk\u00fd ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen nestoj\u00ed p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem jako v ital\u0161tin\u011b, ale p\u0159ipojuje se k jeho konci. \u201eLup\u201c je vlk, \u201elupul\u201c je ten (konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed) vlk. \u201eCas\u0103\u201c je d\u016fm, \u201ecasa\u201c je ten d\u016fm. Vypad\u00e1 to jednodu\u0161e, jen\u017ee koncovky se m\u011bn\u00ed podle rodu, \u010d\u00edsla a p\u00e1du, a to \u010dlov\u011bka na za\u010d\u00e1tku snadno zmate.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e1dy<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rumun\u0161tina m\u00e1 p\u011bt p\u00e1d\u016f, v praxi ale tvary spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed skupin: nominativ s akuzativem, genitiv s dativem a vokativ. Po sedmi \u010desk\u00fdch p\u00e1dech v\u00e1s to nevyd\u011bs\u00ed a vokativ zn\u00e1te d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b: rumunsk\u00e9 \u201edomnule!\u201c funguje stejn\u011b jako \u010desk\u00e9 \u201epane!\u201c. H\u00e1\u010dek je v tom, \u017ee se sklo\u0148uje hlavn\u011b \u010dlen, ne jen samotn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. Mus\u00edte si tedy osvojit nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, nesta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e9st ten \u010desk\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">St\u0159edn\u00ed rod, kter\u00fd se chov\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">St\u0159edn\u00ed rod v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b m\u00e1me, rumunsk\u00fd je ale jin\u00fd. Podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na st\u0159edn\u00edho rodu se v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle chovaj\u00ed jako mu\u017esk\u00e1 a v mno\u017en\u00e9m jako \u017eensk\u00e1. Proto se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201eun scaun frumos\u201c (jedna hezk\u00e1 \u017eidle), ale \u201edou\u0103 scaune frumoase\u201c (dv\u011b hezk\u00e9 \u017eidle), s \u017eenskou koncovkou p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na. Tohle se l\u00e9pe u\u010d\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edkladech ne\u017e z tabulky.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spojovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob m\u00edsto infinitivu<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kde \u010desky \u0159eknete \u201echci j\u00edst\u201c, Rumun \u0159ekne \u201evreau s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u201c, doslova \u201echci, abych jedl\u201c. Konstrukce s \u201eaby\u201c v\u00e1m tedy ciz\u00ed nebude, jen ji v rumun\u0161tin\u011b potk\u00e1te na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku a vy\u017eaduje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed tvary sloves. Na \u00farovni A2 b\u00fdv\u00e1 spojovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob (conjunctiv) nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed gramatickou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdslovnost a diakritika<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abeceda m\u00e1 p\u011bt p\u00edsmen nav\u00edc: \u0103, \u00e2, \u00ee, \u0219, \u021b. S \u201e\u0219\u201c a \u201e\u021b\u201c probl\u00e9m m\u00edt nebudete, zn\u011bj\u00ed jako \u010desk\u00e9 \u201e\u0161\u201c a \u201ec\u201c. Skupiny \u201ece\u201c a \u201eci\u201c se \u010dtou jako \u201e\u010de\u201c a \u201e\u010di\u201c, tak\u017ee \u201ea citi\u201c zn\u00ed skoro jako \u201e\u010diti\u201c. Pozor ale na \u201ej\u201c, kter\u00e9 se vyslovuje jako \u010desk\u00e9 \u201e\u017e\u201c: \u201ejoi\u201c (\u010dtvrtek) zn\u00ed jako \u201e\u017eoj\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed jsou samohl\u00e1sky. \u201e\u0102\u201c je neur\u010dit\u00fd zvuk jako nep\u0159\u00edzvu\u010dn\u00e9 \u201ee\u201c v anglick\u00e9m \u201eabout\u201c. \u201e\u00c2\u201c a \u201e\u00ee\u201c ozna\u010duj\u00ed tent\u00fd\u017e zvuk, n\u011bco mezi \u201ei\u201c a \u201eu\u201c vyslovovan\u00e9 bez zaokrouhlen\u00ed rt\u016f. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b nic takov\u00e9ho nem\u00e1me, nejbl\u00ed\u017e je rusk\u00e9 \u201e\u044b\u201c. Dal\u0161\u00ed past je p\u0159\u00edzvuk. \u010cech m\u00e1 zafixovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edzvuk na prvn\u00ed slabice, rumunsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edzvuk ale nem\u00e1 pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto (\u201emas\u0103\u201c se p\u0159\u00edzvukuje na prvn\u00ed, \u201ecafea\u201c na posledn\u00ed slabice), tak\u017ee se ho mus\u00edte u\u010dit spolu se slovem. Rumun\u0161tina tak\u00e9 nerozli\u0161uje d\u00e9lku samohl\u00e1sek, tak\u017ee si odvykn\u011bte samohl\u00e1sky prodlu\u017eovat.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u011bkter\u00e1 slova vypadaj\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u011b, ale znamenaj\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. \u201eMagazin\u201c je obchod, ne \u010dasopis. \u201eCarte\u201c je kniha, ne karta. \u201eCeas\u201c jsou hodiny, ne \u010das, a \u201epivni\u021b\u0103\u201c je sklep, ne pivnice. Kdo um\u00ed italsky nebo \u0161pan\u011blsky, m\u00e1 zase jin\u00e9 pasti: des\u00edtky b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch slov maj\u00ed slovansk\u00fd, ma\u010farsk\u00fd nebo tureck\u00fd p\u016fvod a rom\u00e1nsk\u00e1 intuice u nich nepom\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak se u\u010dit rumunsky, abyste brzy za\u010dali mluvit?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seznam slov\u00ed\u010dek nesta\u010d\u00ed, abyste se domluvili v obchod\u011b nebo u l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Pot\u0159ebujete rozum\u011bt tomu, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 druh\u00e1 strana, sestavit odpov\u011b\u010f se spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm tvarem \u010dlenu a slovesa a pak ji vyslovit tak, aby v\u00e1m rozum\u011bli. Nejrychleji to jde, kdy\u017e slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu, gramatiku a v\u00fdslovnost cvi\u010d\u00edte dohromady na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch situac\u00edch. Druhou podm\u00ednkou je pravideln\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed: l\u00e1tka se vrac\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e ji stihnete zapomenout. Proto 15 a\u017e 20 minut denn\u011b p\u0159inese v\u00edc ne\u017e hodina doh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed jednou t\u00fddn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak je postaven\u00fd kurz <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/cs\/kurzy\/rumunstina-fast-track\">Rumun\u0161tina: Fast Track<\/a> v SuperMemo. Je to ucelen\u00fd jazykov\u00fd kurz od \u00fapln\u00fdch za\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f po \u00farove\u0148 A1\u2013A2, kter\u00fd v\u00e1s p\u0159iprav\u00ed na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 situace na cest\u00e1ch i na m\u00edst\u011b, a\u0165 jde o obchod, restauraci, l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo \u00fa\u0159ad. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 kapitola vych\u00e1z\u00ed z dialogu nebo kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho textu a p\u0159es 2 900 cvi\u010den\u00ed rozv\u00edj\u00ed poslech a \u010dten\u00ed s porozum\u011bn\u00edm a u\u010d\u00ed v\u00e1s tvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed v\u011bty. Nahr\u00e1vky v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017eou zvyknout si na spr\u00e1vnou v\u00fdslovnost a v mobiln\u00ed aplikaci si tu svou ov\u011b\u0159\u00edte d\u00edky rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u010di.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e9mata pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed to, co na za\u010d\u00e1tku opravdu pot\u0159ebujete: pozdravy a zdvo\u0159ilostn\u00ed fr\u00e1ze, rozhovor o rodin\u011b, pr\u00e1ci a kon\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch, n\u00e1kupy na trhu, objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v restauraci a kav\u00e1rn\u011b, telefonov\u00e1n\u00ed i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu u l\u00e9ka\u0159e a v l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b. Metoda SuperMemo sama pl\u00e1nuje opakov\u00e1n\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby a gramatiky, tak\u017ee neztr\u00e1c\u00edte \u010das t\u00edm, co u\u017e um\u00edte. Pokyny v kurzu jsou v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b a u\u010dit se m\u016f\u017eete v aplikaci pro iOS a Android nebo v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di. V\u0161echny kurzy najdete na str\u00e1nce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/cs\/kurzy\/rumunstina\">kurzy rumun\u0161tiny v SuperMemo<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky o u\u010den\u00ed rumun\u0161tiny<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pom\u016f\u017ee mi \u010de\u0161tina p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed rumun\u0161tiny?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trochu ano. P\u00e1dy v\u010detn\u011b vokativu v\u00e1s nezasko\u010d\u00ed, fonetick\u00fd pravopis je v\u00e1m bl\u00edzk\u00fd a \u010d\u00e1st slov m\u00e1 slovansk\u00fd p\u016fvod, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201eprieten\u201c, \u201ea citi\u201c nebo \u201en\u0103dejde\u201c. Z\u00e1klad slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby a gramatiky je ale rom\u00e1nsk\u00fd, tak\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu slov\u00ed\u010dek se budete u\u010dit od nuly.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Je snaz\u0161\u00ed nau\u010dit se rumunsky, kdy\u017e um\u00edm italsky nebo \u0161pan\u011blsky?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ano, v\u00fdrazn\u011b. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby a \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves je spole\u010dn\u00e1. Nav\u00edc se mus\u00edte nau\u010dit \u010dlen na konci slova a p\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak dlouho trv\u00e1, ne\u017e se domluv\u00edm rumunsky?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed zhruba p\u016fl hodiny denn\u011b se k jednoduch\u00e9 konverzaci o b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch t\u00e9matech (\u00farove\u0148 A2) obvykle dostanete za 5 a\u017e 8 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Plynulost vy\u017eaduje asi dva roky soustavn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a kontaktu s \u017eiv\u00fdm jazykem.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Je rumun\u0161tina a moldav\u0161tina tent\u00fd\u017e jazyk?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ano. Rozd\u00edly se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzvuku a \u010d\u00e1sti slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby. Od roku 2023 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1zev \u201erumunsk\u00fd jazyk\u201c i moldavsk\u00e1 legislativa.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010c\u00edm za\u010d\u00edt, kdy\u017e se chci nau\u010dit rumunsky?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdslovnost\u00ed a 300 a\u017e 500 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi slovy, soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s jednoduch\u00fdmi fr\u00e1zemi pro p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a ptan\u00ed se na cestu. Gramatiku (\u010dlen, p\u00e1dy, spojovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob) je nejlep\u0161\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1vat postupn\u011b, na p\u0159\u00edkladech z hotov\u00fdch v\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chcete za\u010d\u00edt od z\u00e1klad\u016f? Vyzkou\u0161ejte kurz <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/cs\/kurzy\/rumunstina-fast-track\">Rumun\u0161tina: Fast Track<\/a> a u\u010dte se 15 minut denn\u011b s opakov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdm va\u0161\u00ed pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Je rumun\u0161tina pro \u010cecha t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a za jak dlouho se domluv\u00edte? Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010de\u0161tinou a ital\u0161tinou, slova slovansk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, fale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, v\u00fdslovnost a orienta\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det hodin pro \u00farovn\u011b A1 a\u017e C1.","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":168302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3823],"tags":[3877,3878,3875,3873,3874,3876],"class_list":["post-168382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cizi-jazyky","tag-gramatika","tag-moldavsko","tag-romanske-jazyky","tag-rumunstina","tag-uceni-jazyku","tag-vyslovnost"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nau\u010dit se rumunsky: jak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 to je? | SuperMemo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chcete se nau\u010dit rumunsky? 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